Space exploration and understanding the mysteries of the universe are two of the crucial aspects of modern science. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has been at the forefront of this endeavor. One of their significant projects is the NICER mission onboard the International Space Station (ISS) that is currently providing valuable data about the extreme physics of neutron stars and pulsars.
The Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) is an externally mounted, space-based instrument that studies the physics of these stars. The project continues to run smoothly, and it has been delivering comprehensive data about neutron stars' internal composition and the nature of the most dense matter in the universe.
NICER's mission primarily revolves around observing and studying neutron stars, the remnants of massive stars after a supernova explosion. These stars are incredibly dense, with a teaspoon of their matter weighing around a billion tons. One of the unique aspects of these stars is the emission of regular pulses of radiation, leading to another name for them, pulsars.
Most recently, NICER was instrumental in observing a rare fusion of two neutron stars, an event that generates gravitational waves. The aftermath of this event provides fresh insights about the universe's evolution and the origins of elements heavier than iron.
Apart from the scientific observations, NICER is also a part of a demonstration called Station Explorer for X-ray Timing and Navigation Technology (SEXTANT). SEXTANT aims to use the timing of pulsar emissions, similar to a lighthouse, to navigate spacecraft in deep space.
The NICER mission has been a significant success, providing valuable data and insights into neutron stars and pulsars. It continues to enhance our understanding of the universe's extreme physics and has the potential to revolutionize deep space navigation.